WHAT IS THE HUMAN FREQUENCY SKIN
WHAT IS THE HUMAN FREQUENCY PC

Recently, we used this type of stimulus to psychophysically examine the human ability to detect spatiotemporal shifts of tactile inputs, and tactile movements, between adjacent fingers 28. The phase difference among the low-frequency sine waves matches the behavioural effective range of tactile temporal judgments (20вЂ“100вЂ‰ms) 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. The frequency of vibration is within the low-frequency range preferred by the non-PC channels (<40вЂ‰Hz), where the information about the input waveform is well stored in the pattern of neural firings 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. The asynchronous stimulus produces a primitive motion input, i.e., a spatial shift of the temporal features (e.g., peaks) of the vibrations.

WHAT IS THE HUMAN FREQUENCY SKIN

The stimulus consists of two or more sine-wave vibrations presented at multiple skin locations, with temporal phase shifts among them. 2C will be an effective inducer of tactile motion sensation. 1C) using the input signals from the non-PC channels, we expect that the stimulus in Fig. If tactile motion is computed by the motion detectors (Fig.

Indeed, many studies have reported behavioural and neuronal evidence indicating that the non-PC channels are related to tactile motion/direction detection 13, 14, 15.

WHAT IS THE HUMAN FREQUENCY PC

Considering these receptive field characteristics, the non-PC channels appear to be more suited than the PC channel for detecting spatiotemporal shift patterns on the skin surface. While the PC channel has large receptive fields (e.g., covering the whole palm with transient stimuli), the non-PC channels have small receptive fields (2вЂ“3вЂ‰mm on the finger skin). The other comprises the non-Pacinian (non-PC) channels, including Meissner corpuscles (RA channel) and Merkell cells (SA channel), which are densely distributed in a shallow layer of the skin and sensitive to low-frequency vibrations. In touch, there are two groups of sensory channels with different spatio-temporal characteristics 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12: One group comprises the Pacinian corpuscles (PC channel), which is sparsely distributed in a deep layer of the skin and sensitive to high-frequency vibrations. These findings are consistent with a possibility that human can directly encode short-range spatio-temporal patterns of skin deformation by using phase-shifted low-frequency components, in addition to detecting short- and long-range motion using energy shifts of high-frequency components. Though observers could not perceptually discriminate rightward from leftward motion, the adaptation occurred in a direction-sensitive way: the motion/asynchronous detection was impaired by adapting to asynchronous stimuli moving in the same direction. Here, to take advantage of the small receptive field, we investigated within-finger motion and found above threshold performance when observers touched localized sine-wave stimuli with one finger. However, we found that asynchrony of sine-wave pair presented on adjacent fingers was difficult to detect. Since previous studies suggested that mechanoreceptor-afferent channels with small receptive field and slow temporal characteristics contribute to tactile motion perception, we tried to tap the spatio-temporal processor using low-frequency sine-waves as primitive probes in our previous study. This shift pattern directly encodes spatio-temporal вЂњmotionвЂќ information of the event, and has been detected in other modalities (e.g., inter-aural time differences for audition and first-order motion for vision). When we touch an object, the skin copies its surface shape/texture, and this deformation pattern shifts according to the objects movement.

What is the human frequency